C1: white an introduction which explains why it is important to plan to meet the care and learning needs of all children Essay

In this exploration task I will clarify the significance of meeting the consideration and adapting needs everything being equal and alluding to different enactment and a hypothetical viewpoint which underpins this examination and enactment Planning to meet the consideration and adapting needs of all kids is vital to their prosperity, development and improvement. Early years professionals should consistently adhere to and comprehend the standard consideration needs of kids which are set out by the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). These rules help bolster and permit experts to realize how to meet and plan for children’s learning and care needs to give them the most ideal beginning throughout everyday life. Care needs have been explored by scholars like John Bowlby and Maslow; they have both demonstrated that to accomplish and create in life it is essential to have certainty and positive confidence. See more: how to compose a presentation passage Maslow’s progression of necessities clarifies human conduct and shows the significant regarding essential prerequisites. Different scholars like Brunner, Piaget and Vygotsky take a gander at the manner in which kids learn. Fitting arrangement is significant for kids as this covers all angles from phase of improvement, age and exceptional realizing needs that may be in the setting. Guaranteeing that experts consider any adapting needs is significant. Professionals arrangement will take into consideration any youngsters with extra needs for example hearing hindrance, physical necessities, eye issues, discourse disability are given the necessary assistance and bolster which will suit that child’s singular needs to assist them with learning and create. In the event that a youngster wasn’t given help when required they can turn out to be extremely behind and won’t have the option to get familiar with the manner in which they reserve the privilege to learn. Kids can turn out to be exceptionally hermitic and need certainty in the event that they are singled out or barred, so giving them the correct help they need will profit them and help them progress. Practically speaking there was a young lady who couldn’t walk independent, she had a walker for versatility. The young lady hasn’t so far been determined to have anything besides every in the nursery were tolerating and steady. In the event that she have to plunk down we would support her, in the event that she needed to go outside we would ensure she had the option to do it without anyone's help. At the point when we had a standing movement we ensured there was a seat close in the event that she expected to plunk down, we had tables that were longer so she could stand up on the off chance that she needed to and have her walker behind her for help. We never rejected her from a movement and we changed action intends to suit her needs. View as multi-pages

Stress Assessment Using Non Invasive Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Stress is a physiological and mental reaction to imperiling condition of affairss. Quick socio-affordable difference because of innovative headway and want to achieve extravagance has prompted accentuate. In spite of the fact that accentuation has a mental start, it influences a few physiological signals in the human natural structure like EEG, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Galvanic Skin Response, Reaction Time, and so forth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stress Assessment Using Non Invasive Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Thus there is a basic interest for pressure evaluation. This paper surveys about test strategies for accentuation examination using EEG ( Electroencephalography ) and talks about around various methodological analysiss for designing accentuation. Presentation The rapidly expanding populace with radical improvement in building has expanded expense of populating taking to hot way of life because of turning cutoff times and requests so as to achieve extravagance life. This situation has prompted expanding accentuation degrees in individuals with turning requests for advancement of effective pressure examination frameworks. The term, accentuation, presented by Selye, characterized accentuation as â€Å" the vague reaction of the natural structure to any interest for modification † . By and large, accentuation is a â€Å" complex response structure that habitually has mental, psychological and conduct constituents † [ 1 ] . The accentuation can be estimated and assessed in footings of physiological mental and physical reactions. Surveys are regularly used to conclude accentuation emotionally. Physiological adjustments in the human natural structure can other than be utilized to gauge accentuation. The biomarkers like Skin Tempera ture, Skin conductance, Blood power per unit region, Heart rate fluctuation, Respiration, EEG, EMG are utilized to mensurate accentuation. Past inquires about have indicated that these are effective techniques and delivered adequate truth rates. In this paper we simply observe pressure examination techniques using EEG. Fitting to introduce situation, the Stress in America study results show that adults keep on portraying high degrees of accentuation, 75 % of adults detailed sing anti-extremist to high degrees of accentuation in the previous month and about half announced that their accentuation has expanded in the past twelvemonth [ accentuation realities ] , The most recent research by workspace provider Regus shows that Indian laborers are obtaining progressively focused. The examination uncovers that work ( 51 % ) and individual fundss ( 50 % ) are the helpful variables for the expanded accentuation degrees of the Indian work-power. [ hypertext move convention:/articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-10/india/33735958_1_stress-levels-partners in-bigger firms-indian-specialists ] . The examination discoveries uncover that understudies are sing capacity over-burden, work dormancy and self-job separation. Male understudies see higher degrees of capacity dormancy than female students. [ hyperte xt move convention:/link.springer.com/article/10.1007 % 2Fs11218-006-9010-y? LI=true ] . Stress can other than hold sway on safe framework and it makes awful effect on cardiovascular frameworks, The constant accentuation can do people increasingly helpless against contaminations and hopeless ailments. [ nihms4008 ] . Associations like American Institute of accentuation [ www.stress.org ] , Indian Psychiatric Society ( IPS ) , National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences ( Nimhans ) and International pressure bearing affiliation [ hypertext move convention:/www.isma.org.in/about-isma.aspx ] are at that spot to help people to cover with accentuation and related maladies simultaneously making cognizance about accentuation. Worry because of strained quality, uneasiness and invigoration had high intensity of Beta set [ ] . An expansion of Alpha set force will reflect to extricate up and witting conditions. In the interim, decreasing of Alpha set force and expansion of Beta set force will bespeak that the people are making extreme action, for example, answering examination requests, making mental math, etc [ ] . Research laborers have come out with the proportion of EEG Power Spectrum in term of Alpha and Beta band power on right side of the equator of human encephalon with left side of the equator of human encephalon to discover the encephalon compromise ( balanced ) where the topsy-turvy in encephalon movement may bespeak to some incessant health illness, for example, gloom, mental exhaustion, etc. The proportion is called FBA ( Frontal Brain Asymmetry ) Estimating accentuation They are numerous highlights related with accentuation they are mostly named hormonal insecurities, physical and physiological adjustments these are the indications of accentuation. When is singular feels focused on expanded total of accentuation endocrines ( hydrocortisone and catecholamine ) are discharged. These endocrine degrees are estimated using obtrusive techniques and performed by researchers and practicians. These measurings require drawn-out trial processs. Other than under accentuation, adjustments in chest rate ( HR ) [ ] , blood power per unit territory ( BP ) [ ] , understudy measurement ( PD ) [ ] , take a breathing example [ ] , voltaic covering reaction ( GSR ) [ ] , feeling, voice tweak, natural structure present [ ] , response cut [ ] , Brain moving edges ( EEG ) [ ] are watched, these changes can be procured non-obtrusively. This paper manages non-obtrusive techniques for estimating accentuation using Electroencephalography ( EEG ) . Stress evaluation has numerous significant applications in close to home, specialists, industry military activities like bettering competitor open introduction, planing course of study and games for guidance, better work productiveness, to mensurate accentuation in warrior pilots, auto drivers, figuring machine clients, ground powers, sawboness and so forth [ ] . Estimating accentuation using EEG There is a solid connection between encephalon action and accentuation. Pieces of information can be obtained from the encephalon through various strategies like useful attractive reverberation creative mind, antielectron radiation imaging ( PET ) Magneto encephalography ( MEG ) and electroencephalography ( EEG ) . utilitarian attractive reverberation imaging has high spacial revelation however low worldly statement, while EEG and MEG have higher transient presentation. EEG is broadly utilized in pressure examine on account of higher transient presentation, low meddling hardware and ease. Fig. 1: Spatial and transient affirmation of grouped trial methods [ 8 ] EEG is an of import technique for dissecting the transient kineticss of the human encephalon ‘s enormous scope neural circuits. In EEG, cathodes are put at the caput covering to do a decent contact with scalp and register the electrical potencies because of neural movement. EEG gives great test informations of fluctuation in mental position due to its high transient statement. EEG wave structure ( plentifulness and frequence ) relies upon the witting level of the person. Table 1 sums up that ghostly investigation of EEG can be part into a few frequence sets. Recurrence groups Recurrence scope ( Hz ) Plentifulness scope ( A µV ) Action Delta 0.5-4 20-200 Watchfulness or uneasiness Theta 4-8 10 Unwinding Alpha 8-13 20-200 Dream sleep or stage between awareness and languor Beta 13-30 5-10 Unconsciousness or profound sleep Possibilities at the scalp scope from 20 to 100 A µV, which can be recorded by supports of terminals joined to the scalp ( on the two sides of the encephalon side of the equator ) . The wave structures are described by frequence, sufficiency, structure and locales of the scalp. Also, age and area of watchfulness is other than applicable to dissect the wave structures [ ] . Exercises in the correct side of the equator of the encephalon command the exercises in the left half of the globe of the encephalon during negative feelings [ ] , which recommends a nation for stress detecting. Electroencephalogram signals are arranged by frequence and each class speaks to some region for a person. Beta and alpha moving edges speak to witting territories though theta and delta moving edges mean oblivious regions [ ] . Fast beta moving edge frequences ( from diminishing in alpha moving edge frequences ) are the central highlights bespeaking accentuation [ ] . Alpha waves show up on the two sides of the encephalon, however to some degree higher in adequacy on the non-prevailing side, all around saw in individuals who are correct given [ ] . Band base on balls separating can be utilized to take clamor and get certain parts and qualities of an EEG signal before investigation. EEG signs can be separated using a set base on balls channel with suitable qualities for low and high base on balls channels, for example 30 Hz and 4 Hz severally. Examination Techniques Crude EEG signals are gained and investigated to pull out required data. The principal measure in this technique is preprocessing, the attributes are removed from handled sign and grouped into pushed or non focused Preprocessing Preprocessing is extremely of import for any EEG signal examination since signals are extremely delicate to ancient rarities ; these antiques are non from encephalon they are either from capable grounds or because of conduct and physical exercises. Others incorporate electrical cables clamor ( 50/60Hz ) , broken EEG anodes or leads, electric opposition variance, electromagnetic commotion and eye squint and movement of eyes, etc. Electrical cable commotions can be dispensed with by utilizing a 50/60 Hz step channel. Free constituent examination ( ICA ) is utilized for unsighted starting detachment to isolate constituents that have factual contrast. ICA recoups N directly blended starting signs s= { s1 ( T ) , aë†â ¦ , sN ( T ) } , in the wake of increasing by An, an obscure framework, x ( I ) = { x1 ( T ) , aë†â ¦ , xN ( T ) } =As ( I ) [ ] . Dismissal technique is utilized dispose of sullied signal, th

Case Study of an Architect: Steven Ngu

Ar. Steven Ngu Ngie Woon is a planner working in Garis Architects house. He is one of the senior planners working at that spot and he drives the structuring crew. Get bringing down from his youth, Steven has just been presented to this field in light of his father’s business as a contractual worker. Bing the oldest kid in the family unit, he was raised in an extremely thorough mode. His trademark â€Å"do more, learn more† was other than an impact from his male parent. Also, on the grounds that he was raised to larn to be liable for the things that he make, he ne'er accomplishes his work indifferently. In this manner, he was ever one of the top champs in his guidance. He is directly 34 mature ages old. He moved on from University Malaya in twelvemonth 2006, he got his Ar. rubric two mature ages after graduation. Ar. Steven’s most loved work is the Symphony Hills in Cyberjaya which he dealt with from the beginning till the fulfillment of the endeavor, and it is ot her than an endeavor that has won army PAM grants. The plan of this exposition is to comprehend the etymological correspondence of engineering dependent on the originators youth, guidance and working experience, the messages and significances the structure convey, and the setting of which it is applied inside. In this way I picked the heading office of Symphony Hills. Pic 1 †Front lift of the workplace Bing in a state with tropical clime, the planner needs to accept of various strategies as answers for the unpleasant clime in Malaysia. Cyberjaya is a topographic point that is uncovered and has no trees to gracefully obscurity from the burning warmth from the Sun. There is non much precipitation and the air current is non extremely solid. In this way, some structure arrangements are utilized against the climatic conditions in Cyberjaya. So as to keep away from direct warming of the infinites of the building, green dividers are put on the facing of the structure. In add-on, in adjustment to the method for the sun way, the green dividers other than fill in as an opposite concealing gadget to prevent blast from the Sun rise and Sun set. Not only that, huge shades on the North and south-bound of the building to gracefully obscurity. With respect to the structure stuff, concrete is utilized as a result of it high limit as a thermic mass and maps as a warmth sink. Not simply does it assim ilate heat simple and keep the pinnacle temperature of the indoor infinites until the occupants have left, it just discharges heat when the outside temperature is lower and that is only during the dim clasp when there is figure in the workplace. Moreover, so as to expand the warmth optical thickness limit, a green rooftop is utilized where the soil will other than fill in as a warmth sink. In addition, in light of intermittent overwhelming precipitation in Cyberjaya, a polycarbonate rooftop that reaches out to around five meters is utilized to hinder the downpour from making the display endless where individuals stroll from the workplace to the surau. Pic 2 †demoing the overhand and the development of the building Contrasted with different subjects, design hypothesis is boundless. It envelops speculations of structural building, engineering history, and compositional plan. Blending to Professor Korydon Smith, compositional hypothesis is characterized as â€Å" the misgiving of equitable guidelines and abstract qualities that directs the people in assurance about their ain and others engineering works.† Through this, what I distinguished was reasonable design and late innovation, other than known as auxiliary expressionism. The main aim of supportable structure is to â€Å"eliminate negative ecological effect completely through adroit touchy design.† In request to achieve the ideal solace in the workplace without eating up a lot of vitality, the building utilizes H2O attributes environing the structure as a circuitous evaporative chilling technique. A green rooftop garden is other than used to bring down the temperature of the building through the vaporization of H2O put away by t he workss and the soil. To more distant chop down the warmth of import infinites like the workplace, non just is the green divider is utilized as an opposite concealing each piece great as a chilling gadget. By utilizing grouped inert chilling strategies into the building structure, the building can use less cooling framework. Also, the building other than utilizes egg cases in the structure configuration to stay away from direct daylight and warming into the infinites. Nonetheless, it other than utilizes drapery divider on the facing of the structure to amplify the section on daylight into the infinites. Another hypothesis utilized in this building is late innovation, other than known as basic expressionism. It regularly uncovered the basic components of the structure, together with the utilization of wrap dividers. Its plan is other than generally dependent on the guide of the structure, huge inside infinites and simple dish to each floor. Pic 3 †Diagrams on hypothesis Another factor broke down is the client, the basic program format makes it simple for the client to do utilization of the vast viably. When in an office, cooperation is of import, hence a detached program was utilized to abstain from individualizing endless for each staff. With a detached program, the staffs can pass on with one another with least strolling separation. The building other than has overhangs to let individuals to hold private discussions while watching out to the excellent scene. Besides, since this is an office for Symphony Hills itself, the multipurpose corridor was made to let Symphony Hill to do a fleeting level salesroom. The salesroom mulls over that during the starting twenty-four hours of the endeavor, there will be many survey crowds to come position the salesroom, along these lines open furniture are set in forepart of the salesroom to let the invitee to hold medicines with the gross incomes individuals in the wake of sing the show unit. Moreover, the buildin g scaled fitting to human extent, non doing the client to encounter outsider in a hands on condition. Shade dividers are other than used to lighten the infinites, doing it all the more naturally cordial for the staffs when working, as a more brilliant endless improves their hands on productivity. Pic 4 †Diagrams on client In light of the factor examined, the individual qualities that Steven used to design in this building is clear. Since youthful, Steven has been truly discipline about his way of life. He is a dedicated individual and he coexists with others, despite the fact that he is occupied, at whatever point individual needs any guide or requests, he willing educates them. Bing him, he verifies that the building is utilitarian and it reacts to the site. He takes genuine thought on the site setting of the building. In view of the climatic factor, he has set a lot of significance in natural reaction of the structure. Despite the fact that Garis Architects is a topographic point that structures endeavors with an in the middle of degree spending plan, Sympony Hills is an endeavor that is viewed as on the higher extension, in all probability in view of the customer. The customer this clasp is UEM Land and they figure out how to procure 98 homes of freehold land in Cyberjaya cardinal concern domains. So because of the area, the customers object was to design the topographic point for the high terminal network with fuse establishment and administrations. Utilizing a green rooftop requires the use of legitimate innovation on the building rooftop and it is non reasonable. To chop down the temperature of the milieus, Steven proposed the utilization of H2O wellsprings and pools to environ the topographic point, non just does it bring down the temperature, it other than fits the customers request to do Sy mphony Hills into a top of the line extravagance private nation. Pic 4 †Birdseye position of Symphony Hills Moreover, while Steven has a side interest of voyaging and sing commended building structure, he attempts to larn from the experience picked up from the structures and use it into his ain plan. Beforehand, during his visit to Chandigarh in India, he took the risk to see Le Corbusier’s building each piece great. All through engineering classs, we have discovered that Le Corbusier is a maestro of architects and he is a pioneer. Nonetheless, innovation is a worldview of engineering for the machines, it was where the fashioners pushed their ain political direction of making an ideal building that is appropriate for anybody. Present day design centers around the honestness of stuffs, use of current stuffs and frameworks, liberal use of glass and regular noticeable radiation, highlight on detached infinites, use shadowing gadgets to achieve ideal human solace, and the emphasize on rectangular signifiers and continuous lines. Steven gains from it, by the by he took it a measure more distant into late present day design, other than known as auxiliary expressionism. In spite of the fact that there is non a lot of a contrast between late current engineering and present day design itself, there is one, in any case clear separation between the two. That is late present day way buildings are non as basic and direct as current way structures, but rectangular signifier, it is considered as an amazingly verbalized basic signifier. Basic attributes incorporate open basic casings, support work, and it will in general be metallic. Pic 5 †demoing the metal developments of the green divider and the flight of stairs Moreover, at whatever point Steven structures, he mulls over the poetics of unending, and the experience of the client and the occupants of the interminable during the plan methodology. Prior to this, he referenced that his leader architect is Peter Zumthor. In a book Thinking Architecture composed by Peter Zumthor, he referenced that each structure is worked for it’s focused on use, in its ain topographic point for its extremely ain society. He plans his structure to try to answer those requests each piece basically as he can. Despite the fact that Steven figured out how to design following Peter Zumthor’s train of thoughts, he utilized h

5 MCAT Prep Tips

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a notoriously difficult obstacle in the process of becoming a medical professional. Typically taken during junior or senior year of college, the MCAT is possibly the most influential component of ones application to medical school. This is not a test you can cram for, as most students spend two to four months in preparation. Here are five tips you should consider before starting out on your journey of conquering the MCAT: 1. Know the test You need to figure out exactly what youre up against so you can best formulate a plan of attack. As of 2013 (though the test will soon be changing again), the MCAT is comprised of three sections: Physical Sciences (PS), Verbal Reasoning (VR), and Biological Sciences (BS). Each section is scored from 1-15 with a cumulative score topping out at 45. While you are allotted 70 minutes to answer 52 questions in each of the science portions, the verbal section contains only 40 questions spread over 60 minutes. Perhaps the biggest difference from your college exams is that the MCAT is entirely computer-based. There are no scantrons to bubble in or essays to hand-write, requiring a drastic adjustment in order to efficiently navigate the testing environment. The MCAT directly tests content knowledge with a heavy emphasis on analytical skills. This means you need to be well-acquainted with a variety of college-level subjects. Specifically, the Physical Sciences section incorporates physics and general chemistry topics while the Biological Sciences section involves general biology and organic chemistry, all staple pre-medical classes you should take before considering sitting for the MCAT. 2. Make a study schedule Studying for the MCAT is a marathon, not a sprint. Dedicate a few hours everyday to MCAT prep over the span of a few months; dont plan to confine your studying just to coffee breaks and weekends. Despite already being exposed to the content matter in college, any good study schedule begins with an in-depth review of those topics. Slowly and methodically step through each topic, soaking in the nuances that you may have forgotten over the years. Make sure to integrate as many practice passages as possible into your studies, as they will help you adjust to the MCAT-style questions while also providing valuable diagnostic tools as to which topics you need to spend more time on. Compile your study resources, whether they be helpful websites, review books, or a tutor, and figure out how to effectively combine them all into one cohesive schedule. 3. Use official AAMC resources The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the organization responsible for administering the MCAT, publishes a bevy of resources that can help you ace the test. This includes several past MCAT exams (available at www.e-mcat.com) where you can gauge your progress and predict where you are likely to score on the test itself. In addition to these full-length practice exams, the AAMC offers a Self-Assessment package: five subject-specific tests that exhaustively cover nearly every topic. While these study resources are only available for purchase, other study resources are free. Of these, the official content outlines found here are hidden gems. This lists everything you should know going into test day. If its on the list, it can show up on your exam! Take as many practice exams as you can fit into your schedule, but be sure to simulate actual testing conditions. You cannot text, run to the restroom, or have a quick bite to eat during the MCAT, so apply the same rules during your practice exam. For instance, if your test is in the early morning, develop a morning routine that you can follow on test day. 4. Evaluate your weaknesses The MCAT tests a wide variety of topics, so even the best student will begin preparations with numerous knowledge gaps. The ability to identify weaknesses and focus on eliminating them during your studying is integral to scoring high on the exam. Some of these weaknesses may be apparent before starting out. If you struggled in Organic Chemistry I, be honest with yourself and make sure to concentrate on learning and understanding those topics. Practice exams and passages may reveal weak topics that you were not aware of previously. Closely examine questions you answered incorrectly, or guessed on, and look for patterns. Is kinematics giving you a problem? Go back and review some physics! Be responsible and attentively recognize these weaknesses so you are not discouraged when your least favorite topic springs up on the real MCAT, as they often tend to do! 5. Dont underestimate the Verbal Reasoning section Unlike the science sections, Verbal Reasoning offers less tangible ways of improvement. There are no classes you can take, no review books to read, and no content to master. Its no surprise that this section is typically a premedical students worst nightmare and, unfortunately, tends to drag down many MCAT scores. While you should focus on developing a mastery of the subject material in the sciences, Verbal Reasoning requires a very different preparation technique. Success on this portion of the MCAT is all about gaining an intuition as to which parts of a passage are important to concentrate on and what the test-makers are inclined to ask of you. You should incorporate practice passages into your daily routine and heavily review those in addition to practice exams. Dont be discouraged by an apparent lack of improvement, as Verbal Reasoning scores tend to take longer to increase. Just make sure you keep practicing and don’t ignore it! Jeff Epstein is a professional MCAT tutor and contributing writer for Varsity Tutors. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Molecular Biology from Princeton University.

Social Isolation And Loneliness Among Elderly - 1380 Words

Social Isolation and Loneliness among elderly Howetta Queenborrows Introduction to Gerontology Professor: Alda Tee October 27th, 2014 As we get older, our social connections often gets smaller, only having things or people that are extremely important to us. In this paper we will be examining the social-psychological problems; social isolation and loneliness that are faced by elderly by facilitating the response to five main discussion topics. The following discussion will facilitate the understanding of social isolation and loneliness, the risk factors, explore the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness in long term care facilities and the role of occupational therapist assistants and physiotherapist assistants have this emerging issue of social isolation. What is social isolation and loneliness? Social Isolation can be defined as a continual lack of contact with other people. Social isolation and chronic loneliness is one of the indisputable signals of mental turmoil, including major depression. It is the withdrawal of self from social roles directly or indirectly among individuals. Loneliness is the feeling of emptiness and desolation. This issue can immensely negative consequences on older persons such as a wide variation of premature health issues. What are the risk factors associated with social isolation and Loneliness? There are many reasons to why elderly persons can fall at risk of social isolation and loneliness. These factors can range anywhere fromShow MoreRelatedSocial Intervention For Depression And Social Isolation1599 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Intervention for Depression and Social Isolation Among the Elderly Social isolation can be a major health problem for many older adults (Dickens, Richards, Greaves, Campbell, 2011). Social isolation involves, individuals lacking social connections and engagement with others (Nicholson, 2012). 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There are a few resources that can have aRead MoreThe American Loneliness: New Definitions of Friendship in the Silent Era1536 Words   |  6 Pages The American Loneliness The advent of the â€Å"silent era† of friendships via social media accounts has created a totally new definition of friendship and what defines a set of people as friends. Those who are involved in traditional friendships, such as people over the age of 50, find that it has also become quite difficult for them to remain in touch with their friends on a real time level. However, these people do not have the time to spend nor the inclination to learn about the â€Å"benefits† of digitizedRead MoreAging And The World Health Organization2792 Words   |  12 Pagesthe biological time clock for ageing and the calendar/chronological age differs among individuals. However, the World Health Organization accepts 65 years as the chronological age that defines an ‘elderly’ person (World Health Organization 2014). 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Social isolation is an objective state. This term refers to people having infrequent social interaction, living solo and can be measured through how many contacts a person have (Cutler 2012, p.7). It can not sure that social isolation makes people have the feelings of loneliness. LonelinessRead MoreA Study of Loneliness in an Old Age Home in India4984 Words   |  20 PagesA Study of Loneliness in an Old Age Home in India: A case of Kanpur Abstract The Indian family has traditionally provided natural social security to the old people. However, in more recent times, the traditional role of the family is being shared by institutions such as old age homes. It is often assumed, and sometimes argued, that the absence of familial care and surroundings induce feelings of loneliness among the residents of old age homes. This study, conducted in an old age homeRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Paper Is To Determine How Social Isolation1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine how social isolation effects on a patient’s health. Social relationship is a basic need of a human being. In this paper, it illustrates the importance of social relationship and the consequences of social isolation. The consequences, including depression, anxiety, anger, loneliness, mood disturbances that effects on patient care and outcome of patient’s health. The paper is divided into four major parts. The first part of the paper looks briefly into the scho larly definition of social isolationRead MoreEssay about Does Social Isolation Adversely Affect Health1168 Words   |  5 PagesDoes social isolation adversely affect health? Social is the term which is best suited for human being. Because they want companionship or like to stay together for may reason such as company, help, recreation, behavioral development etc. Social isolation is the physical separation of a human from a society of a group of people. Jacqueline old outlined the reason for social isolation in modern and developed countries as people want to be independent and do not want to bother friends, family members

Reflection Paper On Pastoral Counseling - 1783 Words

The idea of â€Å"going to see a counselor† is sometimes seen as something shameful. The ideas of things getting so bad in your life that you need to go see a trained mental health professional is seen as humiliating. However a lot of people will be a lot more comfortable going to see a pastor with their troubles. When I become a pastor I know that I will be counseling many different people in many different situations. I need to remember that it is a battle for someone’s mind. I must be concerned with renewing their mind and helping them to change the way they think. My goal is to help God’s reality overcome their perception of reality. 2. Why Pastoral Counseling? As is true with anything I try to accomplish, I know that unless I truly believe it is valuable, I am not going to do it well. This is true of almost every area of life but especially true when it comes to ministry and specifically pastoral counseling. I often use to think of â€Å"counseling† as a secular practice for the mental health field. However, I know understand that secular counseling is very valuable but Christians are the only ones who truly have the answers to some of the most difficult problem people face. One of the most common reasons why people seek counseling is because of self-destructive behavior that seems to be controlling their lives. As a Christian I know that this â€Å"self-destructive behavior† is called sin. Ultimately the only thing that can truly give them freedom is Christ. A secularShow MoreRelatedPastoral Counseling Reflection Paper2323 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Solving My People Puzzle: Part One Liberty University Abstract Understanding people and their personality can be very complicated; people have different personalities and ways that they view things. The student will identify her own people puzzle by utilizing the resources provided in the course. 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Competitive Strength and Position Of Timbre Group †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strength Of Timbre Group. Answer: Porters five forces analysis (Singapore) Five Forces Model presented by Michael Porter can be used for the purpose of exploring business environment in which product or company functions. Porters five forces can help in analysing competitive position using a simple framework for assessment and evaluation of competitive strength and position of Timbre Group. Timbre Group is essentially a music lifestyle corporation that operates in food and beverage, music education businesses, concerts as well as festivals promotion. In essence, the business operations of the company consists of music restaurants (live) as well as bars, intercontinental festivals, pizza restaurant and delivery service, artist administration agency and music academic. The theory is founded on the notion that there are five different forces that can ascertain the competitive strength along with attractiveness of the market (Takata 2016). Threat of new entrants In itself, the easier it is for new corporations to enter the market, the more stiff competition there will be. The food as well as beverage market in Singapore can be said to be maturing swiftly and there is little room for growth. Particularly, the size of the market also limits the process of expansion of different retailers who have to handle increasing variety of products. Reports reflect that there are around 7260 establishments in Singapore that has added $3230 million value and contributed towards 0.8% of GDP. The substantial rate of growth of this segment in current years was upheld by opening of two prominent assimilated resorts and shopping malls, which presented opportunities for various new players in this sector to enter the market, and for subsisting operators to expand (Mwangi 2013). Nevertheless, future rate of growth in the total number of outlets is expected to remain slow at 0.7% during the period (2011 -2016). However, the retail as well as the market of food ser vice is said to be highly competitive and not easy to go through (Frynas and Mellahi 2015). Thus, it can be said that the threat of new entrants for Timbre Group is high. Threat of substitute products or services Substitute products refer to those products that can necessarily replace a specific product but are not specifically a direct competitor. There are around 7260 players operating in the food and beverage industry and adequate opportunities for new entrants. Therefore, the threat of substitute products as well as services are said to be high (E. Dobbs 2014). The food and beverage retail segment of Singapore consists of 3000 hypermarkets, department stores, provision shops, supermarkets that market agri-food, processed food as well as drinks. Furthermore, Singapore has around 1300 specialty food along with drink outlets. There are two major supermarket chains that control Singapore retail sector namely Cold Storage and the NTUC fair price chain of supermarkets. Therefore, threat of substitute products in food and beverage industry in Singapore can be considered to be very high. Bargaining power of buyers: There are quite a large number of players operating in the industry and there is low cost of switching since there is no incentive for customer incentive (Durand et al. 2017). Analysis of the operations of the firm Timbre Group reveals that more number of customers is these days more willing to consume beer at home in place of bars.Management of Timbre Group might take into account the expectations of customers from various providers of service. Thus, it can be hereby said that there exists high bargaining power of the buyers. Bargaining power of suppliers: An evaluation of how uncomplicated it is for suppliers to escalate prices. Essentially, this is necessarily driven by the total number of buyers present in the market, significance of each individual purchaser to the organization, cost of switching from one supplier to another. In case if a specific supplier has adequate influence to affect margins as well as volumes of a company, then they necessarily hold substantial amount of power (Deresky 2017). The supply chain framework of Timbre Group can be said to be proper and the company can get all its requisite ingredients from Singaporean suppliers. Despite various challenges, there are several suppliers who are placed in an accurate position that help in handling local demands. As there is low cost of switching, bargaining power of suppliers are said to be moderate. Rivalry among existing competitors There are several players operating in the segment of food and beverage approximately 7260 in number namely, Arcadian Foods Pte Ltd, Arco Marketing Pte Ltd, Aries Fresh Pte Ltd and many others. Therefore, there is said to be stiff competition in this specific market owing to presence of several players who can act as rivals of the firm. Singapore can be said to be extremely competitive landscape that put forward challenges of market entry. Also, continuous innovation can be said to necessity for anticipating tastes as well as demands of consumers in a bid to remain one step forward (Dalken 2014). In that way, it can be said that the rivalry among existing competitors in this market segment of Singapore is said to be high. Porters five forces analysis (China) Threat of new entrants The food and beverage industry in China developed at an average rate of approximately 30% during the period 2006 -2012. Again, rapid advances in areas of transportation, counting rail developments and road arteries are augmenting the overall economic potential of both second as well as third tier cities. In terms of food and beverage, it is enhancing distribution times, efficacy and costs, and more generally, assisting to stimulate regional economies and therefore enhancing demand of consumers for higher product value (Bertozzi et al. 2017). Therefore, it is generating opportunity for new entrants in the identified market of food and beverage in China. Threat of substitute products or services In China, food as well as beverages are normally imported and consumed by people in bars, restaurants as well as hotels in different cities and Chinese consumers are increasingly developing preference towards western food at the time when they decide to dine out. Majority of the western style restaurants that were originally targeted at various deportees nowadays have predominantly Chinese customers (Armstrong et al. 2015). Bargaining power of buyers In China, an important driver of growth is the rapid increase in mean household incomes. The average urban household yearly earning per capital augmented from CNY 1516 in the year 1990 to CNY 23979.2 in the year 2011. Essentially, individuals having high income expend higher fraction of income on product products of higher value, counting dining out, various pre-packaged foods, diverse milk products as well as imported foods. Again, the trend observed in per capita yearly purchases of food reflects a considerable decline in consumption of grain and enhancement in consumption of dairy. Reports suggest that steady growth in volume of consumption of basic ingredients has led to increased expenditure on pre-packaged food as well as more regular restaurant meals. Particularly, the urban segment of the market is thus more likely to be interested in new as well as imported products. Thus, it can be said that the customers has the power to switch to other players the power of bargaining of t he purchasers can be said to be high (Armstrong et al. 2015). Bargaining power of suppliers There are companies that have their own import as well as distribution teams that can source products directly from different foreign suppliers. There are several suppliers of high end products. Again, import as well as distribution channels are intricate and change repeatedly (Bertozzi et al. 2017). There are regional suppliers for the products of the firm as well. Therefore, the power of the suppliers in the food and beverage can be considered to be moderate. Rivalry among existing competitors There are several retail channels that operate in this segment and there is increase in regional competition and opportunities for several foreign players to market to sell their products in China. This is mainly driven by augmenting disposable income as well as urbanisation, an enhanced system of logistics, increasing concerns on safety of food and increasing taste for diverse foodstuff. As such, China can be considered as the worlds fourth largest food importer and United States is now the largest exporter of food to China. The industry of food and beverage in China developed at a mean rate of 30% from the period 2006-2012 and yearly total value of production in the industry is over and above USD $1.2 trillion. Therefore, it can be hereby said that there are dearth of local players in the Chinese, although there are several exporters that drive the food as well as beverage sales in China. Therefore, rivalry among existing competitors can be said to be low to moderate (Armstrong et al. 2015). References Armstrong, Gary, Philip Kotler, Michael Harker, and Ross Brennan.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education, 2015. Bertozzi, Federica, Chauhdry Mehr Ali, and Fahad Ali Gul. "Porters Five Generic Strategies; A Case Study from the Hospitality Industry."International Journal For Research In Mechanical Civil Engineering3, no. 2 (2017): 09-23. Dlken, Fabian. "Are porters five competitive forces still applicable? a critical examination concerning the relevance for todays business." Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente, 2014. Deresky, Helen.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India, 2017. Durand, Rodolphe, Robert M. Grant, and Tammy L. Madsen. "The expanding domain ofstrategic management research and the quest for integration."Strategic Management Journal38, no. 1 (2017): 4-16. Dobbs, Michael. "Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates."Competitiveness Review24, no. 1 (2014): 32-45. Frynas, Jedrzej George, and Kamel Mellahi.Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Indiatsy, Christopher Masinde, Mucheru Stephen Mwangi, Evans Nyamboga Mandere, Julius Miroga Bichanga, and Gongera Enock George. "The Application of Porters Five Forces Model on Organization Performance: A Case of Cooperative Bank of Kenya Ltd."European Journal of Business and Management6, no. 16 (2014): 75-85. Morden, Tony.Principles of strategic management. Routledge, 2016. Takata, Hidesuke. "Effects of industry forces, market orientation, and marketing capabilities on business performance: An empirical analysis of Japanese manufacturers from 2009 to 2011."Journal of Business Research69, no. 12 (2016): 5611-5619.

Management functions free essay sample

INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), formed in 1946, is a dairy cooperative movement in India. It is managed by Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF). AMUL is based in Anand, Gujarat and has been a sterling example of a co-operative organizations success in the long term. The Amul Pattern has established itself as a uniquely appropriate model for rural development. Amul has spurred the White Revolution of India. It is also the worlds biggest vegetarian cheese brand. History: History HISTORY OF THE COMPANY: The story of AMUL inspired ‘ Operation Flood and heralded the White Revolution in India. It began with two village cooperatives and 250 liters of milk per day, nothing but a trickle compared to the flood it has become today. Today Amul collects processes and distributes over a million liters of milk and milk products per day, during the peak, on behalf of more than a thousand village cooperatives owned by half a million farmer members. We will write a custom essay sample on Management functions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amul has become a symbol of the aspirations of millions of farmers; creating a pattern of liberation and self-reliance for every farmer to follow. History: History The ‘ AMUL revolution ’ started as awareness among the farmers grew and matured into a protest movement. Over four decades ago, the life of a farmer in Kaira District was very much like that of his counterpart anywhere else in India. His income was derived almost entirely from seasonal crops. The income from milch buffaloes was undependable. Private traders and middlemen controlled the marketing and distribution system for the milk. As milk is perishable, farmers were compelled to sell it for whatever they were offered. Often, they had to sell cream and ghee at throw away prices. In this situation, the one who gained was the private trader. Gradually, the realization dawned on the farmers that the exploitation by the trader could be checked only if marketed their milk themselves. History: History In order to do that they needed to form some sort of an organization. This realization is what led to the establishment of the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Limited (popularly known as Amul) which was formally registered on December 14, 1946. Currently AMUL has 2. 28 million producer members with milk collection average of 5. 08 million liters/day. Today AMUL is a symbol of many things. (High-quality products sold at reasonable prices, genesis of a vast co-operative network and a proven model for dairy development). The Kaira Union began pasteurizing milk for the Bombay Milk Scheme in June 1948. GCMMF – OverView: GCMMF – OverView GCMMF: Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation . GCMMF is Indias largest food products marketing organization. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. CRISIL, Indias leading Ratings, Research, Risk and Policy Advisory company, has assigned its highest ratings of AAA/Stable/P1+ to the various bank facilities of GCMMF. GCMMF – OverView: GCMMF – OverView GCMMF is a unique organization. Its a body created by Farmers, managed by competent professionals serving a very competitive and challenging consumer market. It is a true testimony of synergistic national development through the practice of modern management methods. Reasons for Success: Reasons for Success Robust Supply Chain The vast and complex supply chain Hierarchical network of cooperatives Stretches from small suppliers to large fragmented markets Low Cost Strategy Amul adopted a low-cost price strategy to make its products affordable and attractive to consumers by guaranteeing them value for money Diverse Product Mix Amul Butter, Milk Powder, Ghee, Amulspray , Cheese, Chocolates, Shrikhand , Ice cream, Nutramul , Milk and Amulya Strong Distribution Network Amul products are available in over 500,000 retail outlets across India through its network of over 3,500 distributors. 47 depots with dry and cold warehouses to buffer inventory of the entire range of products. Technology and e-initiatives New products Process technology Complementary assets to enhance milk production E-commerce. Success!! Facts : Facts Members: 13 district cooperative milk producers Union No. of Producer Members: 2. 79 million No. of Village Societies: 13,328 Total Milk handling capacity: 11. 22 million liters per day Milk collection (Total 2008-09): 3. 05 billion liters Milk collection (Daily Average 2008-09): 8. 4 million liters Milk Drying Capacity: 626 Mts. per day Cattle feed manufacturing Capacity: 3500 Mts. per day Administration: Administration Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), is Indias largest food product marketing organization with annual turnover (2010-11) US$ 2. 2 billion. Its daily milk procurement is approx 12 million lit (peak period) per day from 15,712 village milk cooperative societies, 17 member unions covering 24 districts, and 3 million milk producer members . Management functions: Management functions PLANNING : AMUL has been able to: Produce an appropriate blend of the policy maker’s farmer’s board of management and the professionals: each group appreciating its roles and limitations. Bring at the command of the rural milk producers the best of the technology and harness its fruit for betterment. Provide a support system to the milk producers without disturbing their agro-economic systems. Management functions: Management functions Milk is very perishable product so it has to be consumed within 24 hours. In order to avoid wastage AMUL converts the milk into SNF and milk solids by evaporating the water, which comprises up to 60-70% of milk contents. This is possible only if the distribution channel right from the producer to the consumer is well organized. Last year, they are divided the retail market into 14 specific segments to achieve further distribution efficiency. This year AMUL is focusing on inducting distributers having expertise in servicing such specific market segments. Management functions: Management functions Plough back the profits, by prudent use of men, material and machines, in the rural sector for the common good and betterment of the member producers. Even though, growing with time and on scale, it has remained with the smallest producer members. In that sense, AMUL is an example par excellence, of an intervention for rural change. Management functions: Management functions ORGANISING: AMUL is leaded by the director under him five branches viz. Factory, Marketing, Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Department. Factory department has a separate general manager under him three are six branches viz. Production, Stores, Distribution, Cold Storage, Quality, and Deep-freezing. This department takes care of the factory work. Management functions: Management functions Marketing department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is regional manager. This department takes care of the marketing aspects of AMUL. Account department takes care regarding accounts i. e , day-to-day work. Under the accountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the purchase of raw materials and many other things. Management functions: Management functions STAFFING: Staffing is a process which includes recruitment, selection, training, placement, appraisal, promotion, and career planning. In larger organizations, a separate department called Personnel Department looks after these functions and this is headed by a qualified professional manager called Personnel Manager . Organization structure: Organization structure The Organization Structure of Amul is divided into two parts: External Organization Structure. Internal Organization Structure. Organization structure: Organization structure State Level Marketing Federation District Milk Product Union Ltd. Village Milk Product Union Ltd. Villagers The Following is the External Organization Structure of Amul: Organization structure: Organization structure External Organization Structure: External organization structure is the organizational structure that effects the organization from the outside. GCMMF is unit of Gujarat Milk Marketing Federation, which is a co-operative organization. The villagers of more than 10,000 villages of Gujarat are the bases of this structure. Organization structure: Organization structure External Organization Structure: They all make milk village milk producers union, district level milk producers union and then a state level marketing federation is established. The structure is Line Relationship , which provides easy way to operation. It also provides better communication between two stages. Organization structure: Organization structure The Following is the Internal Organization Structure of Amul : Chairman Managing Director General Manager Asst. General Manager Finance Department Personnel Department Production Department Marketing Department S P Department Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: A systematic well-defined organizational structure plays a vital role provides accurate information to the Top- Level Management. An organization Structure defines a clear-cut line of authorities responsibilities among the employees of GCMMF. The Organization structure of AMUL is well-arranged structure. At a glance a person can completely come to know about the organization structure. Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: AMUL is leaded by the director under him five branch Viz. , Factory, Marketing, Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Departments. Factory department has a separate general manager under him there are six branches viz. , production, stores, distribution, cold storage, quality, and deep freezing. This department takes care of the factory work. Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: Marketing Department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is a regional manager. This department takes care of the marketing aspects of AMUL. Accounts department takes care regarding accounts i. e. day-to-day work. Under the accountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the purchase of raw material and many other things. Plant layout: Plant layout Plant layout is the overall arrangement of the machine tools, handling equipments, storeroom and other various accessories required for facilitating production in a factory. These arrangements are pre-planned with the results that the building has been constructed to fit a layout of a given process. AMUL plant is indigenously worked out with facilitation of various production processes and production of multi products under one plant. The total plot is nearly about 2. 27 kms . Separate buildings are provided with required arrangements of machine tools handling and computers connection through the control room to fit for varying product-manufacturing departments. Plant layout: Plant layout The plant is engaged in producing milk, ice creams, milk powder and ghee. Entire department is uniquely provided with facilities for the processing each product. There are 4 production departments and packaging departments pertaining to each product respectively. Thus, plant layout encompasses all production and service facilities and provides for the most effective utilization of the men, materials and machines constituting the process. It is the master blue print of coordinating all operations . Plant layout: Plant layout First Plant, is at Anand, which engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk power, flavored milk, and butter milk . There are Four Plants of Amul located in India : Plant layout: Plant layout Second Plant, is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, nutrAMUL , AMUL Ganthia and AMUL lite . Plant layout: Plant layout Third Plant, is at KANJARI, Which produces cattle feed. Fourth Plant, is at KHATRAJ, which engaged in producing cheese. Production operational Management : Production operational Management INTRODUCTION: â€Å"Production management is refers to the process of correction of past mistakes catching up with the new techniques, taking up steps with developing techniques and taking measures for the production of goods at competitive cost. † The basic philosophy of production management is to launch a frontal attack on direct costs and effective use the availability manpower weaving new techniques in to the whole to keep the production unit efficient and developing production management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Production operational Management : Production operational Management The Amul is started with only 250 liters of milk per day. But now Amul collect average 9 lakhs of liters milk per day. At the initial stage, Amul has not any problem regarding milk, but in the winter season there was excess supply of milk. So, Amul has to sell out that excess milk at the low price or Amul has to face loss. To removing these problems Amul take decision to set up a plant to process the surplus milk butter and milk powder . Production operational Management : Production operational Management The Amul has three plants Known as Amul 1, 2 3 all three plant work 24hours a day continuously. The all manufacturing process is done automatically. The production is done in the special machines. These machines and the technology are import-id from the TRFTA PEAK Company. There is also facility of chilling of milk, so that the milk remains usable. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Three plant of AMUL perform different functions: AMUL–1 Presently it is use as a go down for storing raw materials. AMUL–2 In this unit, the production process of Ghee and packings are running. AMUL–3 This unit is producing AMUL butter, spray power, and flavored milk. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Milk Collection Cycle: The success of each and every dairy industry is the getting the milk from the farmers and making that milk in use as soon as possible before that milk get spoiled because the milk is the perishable product. For the smooth running the business of dairy industry the industry must concentrate on the milk collection cycle. Amul dairy is very conscious about the milk collection cycle because the base of the success of the Amul is milk collection cycle. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Production capacity of Amul: Butter 50 to 60 Tones. Powder plant 70 tones. Powder plant 60 tones. Flavour milk 40000 bottles. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Amul – 2 Raw Reception Dock: Reception dock is the very first department of any dairy where milk is unloaded and simultaneously tested . Amul-2 has a well designed RMRD , situated in the west wing of dairy . Raw milk at Amul- 2 is received mainly through cans . There are 2 reception lines for unloading milk cans in Amul – 2 . About 60 % of reception is of buffalo milk and remaining 40% is cow milk. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Butter section: The utterly Butterly Delicious butter of the Amul is one of the most popular product of Amul dairy along with the famous butter girl. The butter section is located in Amul -3which manufactures Table Butter, white butter and renduced salt butter. The section is completely computer controlled and is equipped with most modern imported equipments . Butter section very important as it handles fat, which is the costliest constituent. The cream obtained from process section is fully utilized for butter making . Amul white and table Butter is exported to USA and various Middle Eastern countries. Production operational Management : Production operational Management OPERATION: The cream for manufacturing Butter is receiving from Amul-3 process section while standardization of milk. In Amul -3 the milk fat will be separated at above 60 Celsius, the centrifugal separators inline with Milk pasteurizer separate this as cream. The cream thus separated is pasteurized and then pumped to the cream buffer tanks and to cream silo. After ageing at 8 Celsius for 24 hrs, cream is pumped to cream chilling unit in the butter section. There the temperature of cream is adjusted to the required churning temperature of continuous Butter Making Machine. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Packing materials used: Delocalize market Double laminated is used for export. Tin – used for 400g Army pack Card board box- used for tertiary packing 3ply for 9. 1 g weight package 5ply for normal export Production operational Management : Production operational Management Powder plant: F-35 plant is situated in Amul -2 near to the railway siding . The plant is a single stage drying plant having a capacity of 35 TDP. The plant is not in regular use and mainly used for the manufacturing of cheese whey powder . F-35 CONDENSING PLANT DETAILS: Make : SSP ,Faridabad. Type : Falling film vertical tube type. No of Pre heater : 5. No of calendria : 7. No of vapor separators : 5. Production operational Management : Production operational Management OPERATION DETAIL: MILK : One of the most versatile food consumed by us. All children start their with mother’s milk and continue to use it in one other throughout their life. It is the secretion from the mammary glands of a lactating mammal. The white fluid, know as milk, is made up of milk fat and other milk solids . MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR MILK : MILK PROCUREMENT: Total milk procurement by our Member Unions during the year 2006-07 averaged 67. 25lakh kilograms (6. 7million kg) per day, representing a growth of 4. 5 per cent over Production operational Management : Production operational Management 64. 38lakh kilograms (6. 4 million kg) per day achieved during 2005-06. The highest procurement as usual was recorded during January 2007 at 84. 09 lakh kilograms (8. 4million kg) per day. This increase in milk procurement is very impressive, keeping in mind the massive loss suffered by our farmers due to floods during the monsoon season, specially in Surat district. Production operational Management : Production operational Management MILK PROCESSING: Homogenization: Milk must then be homogenized. Without homogenization, the milk fat would separate from the milk and rise to the top. Milk fat is what gives milk its rich and creamy taste. In this process Milk is transferred to a piece of equipment called a homogenizer. In this machine the milk fat is forced, under high pressure through tiny holes. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Pasteurization: Pasteurization is the process that purifies milk and helps it stay fresher, longer. Milk is pasteurized by heating it to 72 °C for 16 seconds then quickly cooling it to 4 °C. Pasteurization is named after Louis Pasteur, the famous scientist. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Adding Vitamins: Before homogenization, vitamin D is added to all milk. Vitamin D combined with the calcium that naturally exists in milk help gives us strong bones and teeth. Dairies also add Vitamin A to skim, 1% and 2% milk. Vitamin A is good for our eyesight. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Packaging Milk: Milk is now ready to be packaged. Milk is pumped through automatic filling machines direct into bags, cartons and jugs. The machines are carefully sanitized and packages are filled and sealed without human hands. During the entire time that milk is at the dairy, it is kept at 1 ° 2 °C. This prevents the development of extra bacteria and keeps the milk it’s freshest. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Storing: Milk is delivered to grocery stores, convenience stores and restaurants in refrigerated trucks that keep milk cooled to 1 ° 4 °C. The stores take their milk and immediately place it in their refrigerated storage area. Because fresh milk is so important to our diets, dairies, and our health. Quality movement: Quality movement Quality Policy : The motivated and devoted work-force of AMUL- are committed to produce wholesome and safe foods of excellent quality to remain market leader through deployment of quality management systems, state-of-art-technology, innovation and eco-friendly operations to achieve delightment of customers and betterment of milk producers. Quality movement. : Quality movement. Quality of Life: Assured market for their milk and daily income round the year from milk has improved the quality of life of farmers. The role village dairy co-operative societies in the over all development of the villages have brought better social infrastructures in the villages such as roads, communication system, schools, health centers, water facilities, banks etc. Marketing : Marketing Concept: The marketing concept holds the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets. Marketing starts with the determination of consumer wants and ends with the satisfaction of those wants. The concept says that any business should be organization around the marketing function, aningticipating and stimulating and meeting customers need. The marketing concept rests on four pillars and they are: 1. Target market. 2. Customer needs. 3. Integrated marketing. 4. Profitability. Marketing : Marketing AMUL has also its own marketing concept. AMUL targets all type of customers like babies, children, young customers and old age customers etc. Amul try best for satisfying needs by providing good quality products. Marketing : Marketing Marketing Mix: The marketing mix, which is set of four elements or four â€Å"P† of marketing are as follow: Product Price Place Promotion Same as four â€Å"P† there is also four â€Å"C† of marketing. Customer solution Cost Convenience Communication Marketing : Marketing PRODUCT: A product is anything that satisfies needs or wants and can be offered to the market for exchange. A product can be a goods, services without product there is no marketing . This includes product variety, product design, packaging, quality, brand name, size etc. AMUL produces and sell i. e. Milk, It has to plan its product very carefully so that the consumer gets only good quality products. There are various products marketed by GCMMF. Marketing : Marketing List of products marketed: Bread spread Amul butter. Amul Lite Low bread spread. Amul cooking butter. Cheese range Amul Malai panner (cottage cheese). Amul pasteurized processed cheese. Amul pizza cheese. Amul Emmiatial cheese. Marketing : Marketing UHI Milk Range Amul shakti 3% fat milk. Amul Taaza 1. 5% fat milk. Amul Gold 4. 5% fat milk. Amul fresh Toned milk. Amul snowcap soft milk. Pure ghee Amul pure ghee. Amul cow ghee. Sagar pure ghee. Marketing : Marketing Infant milk Range Amul infant milk formula (0. 6 millions). Amul infant milk formular . Amul spray infant milk food. Milk powder. Amul full cream milk powder . Curd products Yogi sweetened flavored dahi . Amul Lassee . Amul masti Dahi . Marketing : Marketing Price : The prices of products of Amul are also decided by the GCMMF. The GCMMF conducts the market survey to check the validity and feasibility of prices in the market and accordingly decides the prices of Amul products. The price of the products of Amul are also decided by the GCMMF . The GCMMF conducts the market survey to check the validity and feasibility of prices in the market and accordingly decides the price of Amul products . However, the price is inclusive of several elements like: Cost of milk. Labour cost. Processing cost. Packaging cost. Advertising cost. Transportation cost. Sales promotion cost. Taxes etc. The GCMMF considers all this cost. Aspects and set them up in pricing structure to decide the selling price of milk and milk products. Marketing : Marketing Promotion: IT includes a variety of techniques including advertisement, sale promotion, public relations and personal selling that are used to communicate with customers and potential customers. Television is the best media for advertising in the local areas . Hoardings designed on the creative basis attract the customers more. Marketing : Marketing Place: Place refers to marketing activities that make products available to consumers at the right time in a convenient location. Place refers as distribution Channels . IT is the process of moving products from the producer the consumer. Amul has developed federation and Amul parlours located in several parts of country. Amul have managed to create more than 2300. Amul have identified certain potential locations such as Railway, Airports, universities, and shopping malls. The GCMMF handles the workers relating to Managing of stocks and distributors to in the country. Thus GCMMF looks offer the disbursement of products to the various Marketing channels. Marketing : Marketing Market segmentation: Any commodity has not a single Market. But it has a composite Market which can be divided on the basis of age, gender, preferences etc. The process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers is called market segmentation. Market segmentation may be defined as a process of dividing a Market into different sub- markets on the basis of some definite criteria . At Amul, since marketing activities are handle by the GCMMF, market segmentation is also decided by GCMMF. Generally, Milk products like Butter, cheese are also popular in the all age group. Hence they are segments at the national level. Milk products like chocolates and milk powder are segmented on the basis of age. The GCMMF conduct the market survey to know demand for the products of Amul in the Market and then accordingly determines the market segments, defines the target market. Customer Based Market Segmentation: Customer Based Market Segmentation Kids Women Calorie Conscious Health Conscious Youth Amul Kool Chocolate Milk Nutramul Energy Drink Amul Kool Millk Shaake Amul Calci + Utterly Delicious Pizza Amul Emmental Cheese Amul Cheese Spreadsv Amul Lite Sagar Skimmed Milk Powder Amul Lite Slim and Trim Milk Nutramul Amul Shakti Health Food Drink Industry Based Market Segmentation: Industry Based Market Segmentation Milk Butter/Cheese/Ghee Ice-cream Manufacturers Restaurant/Food Chains Temples Bakery Confectionaries Pizza Retailers Snacks Retailers Coffee Shop Chains Marketing: Marketing PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE STAGES: A product passes through distinct stages during its life in market, each posing different challenges, opportunities and problems . Profits rise and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. There are four different stages of product life cycle, namely: 1. INTRODUCTION STAGE. 2. GROWTH STAGE. 3. MATURITY STAGE. 4. DECLINE STAGE. Marketing: Marketing Different products of AMUL are in different stages in the product life cycle. Products like milk, butter, chocolate and cheese are in the maturity stage, while ice-creams, chocolates and shrikhand are still in the growth stage. On the other hand, products like milk powders, infant food, frozen food items and mix are in introduction stage. The company adopts aggressive selling techniques for those products which are in the introductory stage, while very less promotional programmes are carried out for those products which are in the growth or maturity stage. Marketing : Marketing MARKETING GCMMF: GCMMF is India’s largest exporter of dairy products. It has been awarded as a â€Å"Trading House† status. GCMMF has received the APEDA award from the government of India for Excellence in dairy products Exports for the last 11 years. GCMMF is India’s largest food products Marketing Organization. It is a state level apex body of milk co-operatives in the Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Marketing : Marketing Marketing Research: â€Å"Marketing Research is the systematic design collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation of the company. † Amul performs the marketing research mainly to launch a new products in the market. The purpose is of checking the validity of the new products in the market for the local new. Amul conducts the market survey by appointing business administration students for conducting the market survey. Extending policy of the new product launched, Amul has recently launched the energy drink named â€Å"STAMINA† specially targeted to the people who are playing sports daily. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Introduction : According to SCOOT CLOTHIER AND SPRIGGEL Human resource management as the branch of management which is responsible on a staff basis for concentrating on those aspects of relationship of management to employees and employees to employees and with the development of the individual and the group. The objective is to attain maximum individual between employer and employees and effective moulding of human resources as contrasted with physical resources. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Personal (Human resource) management plays a very important role for any organization. The firm having all types of resources like machines, materials, money, information etc. will not be success in business without effective manpower. Human capital is the greatest assets of business enterprise and manpower management is the most important and crucial job because the managing group is the heart of the company. Human resource department plays most important role in establishing good relation and harmony among all. Human resource Management: Human resource Management MAJOR FUNCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPATMENT: 1. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION. 2. TRAINING AND DEVLOPMEN. 3. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL. 4. SALARY AND WAGE ADMINISTION. 5. EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. 6. COMPENSATION. 7. INDUSTRIAL RELATION. 8. FACTORE ACT. 9. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT. 10. HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HRIS). Human resource Management: Human resource Management RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONRECRUITMENT: There are two types of Recruitment sources followed by Amul: EXTERNAL SOURCES. INTERNAL SOURCES. INTERNAL SOURCES: Internal sources include personnel already on the payroll of the organization. Present Permanent Employees. Employee Referrals Former Employee EXTERNAL SOURCES: These sources lie outside the organization. In AMUL they consider following sources of recruitment. Campus Interview Unsolicited Application. Application Blank. Placement Agencies. Human resource Management: Human resource Management RECRUTMENT POLICY OF AMUL: Entry level qualification: Below officers cadres: S. S. C / H. S. C Attendant Operator – Dairy (AOD) – G Gr. Worker. Taken as apprentice under trade apprentice Act 1961 2/3 yrs Apprenticeship, then based on their appraisal report, selected as temporary worker. After total 5yrs of work, may be selected as G-Grade Worker. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Professional Qualification E/F Grade Worker (Boiler Attendant). BA / B. COM / M. COM / M. A (general) MSW / MRM /MRS M. E_Biz of Gujarat vidyapeeth and C Grade Worker similar Non – University Institutions. B. Sc / M. Sc / Diploma Engineers B Grade workers. Apprenticeship Lab assistant for 1yr 3 months for B. SC M. SC; 1yr for Diploma Engg. Then 2/3 yrs as trainee technician, than based on appraisal Appointed as Technician B Grade. Human resource Management: Human resource Management BBA Management Trainee for 1yrs Jr. Assistant. (a) M. SC ( Agriculture ) /MRS /MRM /MSW /MLW/MBA/ B. Tech (DT ) / MCA / M. E –Biz. ( From recognized University ) 1 yr as a trainee then appointed as senior officer. b) Inter CA /Inter ICWA / BE 1 yr as training period, then appointed as Dy. Sup. Deputy Superintendent (c) CA/ICWA Superintendent NO training period, direct appointment. However,

The reasons why between 1937 to 1939 many European nations became involved in conflict and how this conflict spread quickly into war mby 1941. essays

The reasons why between 1937 to 1939 many European nations became involved in conflict and how this conflict spread quickly into war mby 1941. essays During the period 1937 to 1939 many European nations became involved in war. This was because of many reasons, namely: The Failure of the Munich Agreement, the policy of Lebensraum, the Invasion of Poland s plan of Isolationism, The Italian Campaigns, the attack on Pearl Harbour By 1938 Hitler had decided to begin his plan to add living space (Lebensraum) to Germany. His first target was Austria, as he himself was of Austrian birth Germany invaded. Two days later Austria was made a province of Germany. One month following, Hitler claimed that 99% of the Austrian people had voted in favour of Anschluss in the April plebiscite. These events angered the European nations, but once again, a policy of appeasement was adopted. The failure of the Munich Agreement (1938) stirred up even more problems in Europe. The agreement signed between Italy, Germany, Britain and France aimed to hand over the disputed Sudetenland to Hitler in an act of appeas...

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Review - Essay Example o take people’s property and rarely are they prosecuted, but even if they face charges, rarely do they spend a night in prison since they have all the money they require for bail. Michael Moore produced the documentary on 2009 in association with Anne Moore. The essay will relay detailed and precise information on how capitalism tore the US apart as depicted in Moore’s documentary and how this directly affected the nation’s economy. In the beginning of the documentary, Moore shows how the US government evicts hard working American citizens from their homes just because there was a delay in mortgage payment. According to Moore, the repossessed houses usually go back to real estate agencies such as â€Å"Condo Vultures† who resell them to other willing buyers while the previous owners are left homeless with no place to go (Moore). Moore further states that if one is of higher class, he could easily acquire property five times more than anybody else could. This is because he or she has powerful connections that normally conceal the acts. This is what Moore refers as the law of life. For instance, whereas many low class Americans were being evicted from their homes that were later on being sold, other people such as owners of â€Å"Condo Vultures†, a real estate agency based in Florida flourished rapidly from selling repossessed homes (Moore). It is because of this that the US experienced weakened uni ons, more political powers granted to corporations in addition to widened socioeconomic gap between the high class and lower class persons (Moore). Apart from foreclosures, other illegal activities highlighted in the documentary include the children’s’ cash scandal where two judges; Mark Ciavarella and Michael Conahan received millions of dollars from Robert Mericle an owner of two private juvenile facilities. The two judges were accused of receiving the money in return, they were to increase the number of prisoners referred to Mericle’s juvenile facilities

Significance of HRM to organizational profitability and survival Term Paper

Significance of HRM to organizational profitability and survival - Term Paper Example On the other hand, affirmative action refers to the deliberate organizational approach to addressing past practices of discrimination, by proactively recruiting, hiring and promoting the previously marginalized groups at the workplace including women, minorities, and disabled individuals, among others. EEO is essential at my workplace because it has fostered fairness in all the various human resource aspects of our organization, from hiring to training and development, to promotion of deserving human resources. At my workplace, EEO regulations protects all employees against discrimination on the basis demographical factors; as a result, everyone is treated with respect and dignity that they deserve, regardless of their sex, color, religion, nationality, disability and age. The new knowledge gained in the process of this reflective exercise is that EEO instills confidence in all employees at the workplace while enhancing their self-motivation and commitment towards the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. This fosters the development of a unified and fully integrated workforce that is not only highly motivated and committed to the organization, but also actively engaged in the pursuit of organizational goals and objectives (Koà §, Çavus & Saraà §oglu, 2014). My future career plan as a HRM professional is more likely to be greatly influenced by the understanding that all human resources are entitled to a fair chance in the hiring process, as well as equal opportunities to promotions.

War of 1812 Essay Example for Free

War of 1812 Essay The War of 1812 was a war that lasted for two years that helped the United States to firmly and officially establish its independence. After finishing with the concern of France, England turned its attention over to the United States. At first, the United States did not want to resort to war and fighting (Doc. B) but rather sort out their issues economicallybecause England had seized all ships that did not stop in the British port before heading to their other European destinations, Congress passed the Embargo Act and then the Non-Intercourse Act, allowing trade with all nations except France and England. Then, England refused to allow this trade to occur, so America had to resort to war. The Northeastern Federalists were not in favor of war, but the Republicans ultimately won the majority vote in Congress to declare warthe War of 1812 (Doc. G). During this war, America was very concerned with gaining control over land in this country as well as in Canada, but at the same time Americans needed to defend themselves against their strong British enemies. Either way, America had to abandon its position of neutrality (Doc. C). During the war, Britain was very effective in fighting the Americans during many battles, so we needed to defend ourselves in every way possible, and often we were successful. In addition, America wanted to take revenge on the British for taking people from American ships and forcing them to work in the British Navy. The British were able to make their way via water to Washington, D.C. and burn down many parts of the city. After weakening the capital, they set off to Baltimore Harbor but Fort McHenry had already blocked their path, so the British actually had to attack from afar, which ended up not being so effective. America also blocked the British from success in the Battle of Plattsburgh. The United States was successful in capturing Lake Ontario and Lake Eerie, causing them to have very easy access to Canada. By being able to enter Canada, William Henry Harrison led the soldiers to kill Tecumseh in the Battle of Thames, making this a great victory over the Native Americans. This does seem like an unnecessary battle done completely out of greed for control, but the defeat of the Creeks (allies of Tecumseh) in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend was helpful for the Americans in that Andrew Jackson led his men to destroy the tribe because they had been attacking whites along the Floridian border, and we annexed a  section of Florida (Doc. D). Although the Indians may have thought that the Americans only wanted to take over their lands (Doc. F), America was not out to hurt the Indianswe actually wanted to be on good terms with thembut Madison made them aware that if it is necessary, Americans will fight them in order to protect their own well-beings (Doc. E). Ending the War of 1812 was the Battle of New Orleans, when the British were planning to attack, but Andrew Jackson was ready with his men to destroy their enemies, and they were victorious. The War of 1812 officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent, which stated that America did not gain Canada, that impressments would not stop, and that America would have to return some land to the Indians (this statement was not really obeyed). But, a few other small treaties were written that allowed America to trade freely with England. All of the various battles aforementioned except for the Battle of Thames were ones that were instigated by the British and the Americans saw no other way to deal with their enemies but to defend themselves. This does not connote that the Americans fought this war in the first place out of greed or land hunger. Although the British did make many attacks on the United States during the War of 1812 and Americans did indeed need to defend themselves, America did not have entirely pure intentions (defense and struggle for complete independence were not the only reasons). During this rather pointless war, America had hoped they would annex Canada, and that is why the Battle of Thames occurred. The United States also wanted to cede Florida, hence the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. In addition, because the Republicans held the majority in Congress, President Madison felt he needed their support (Southern and Western states). The opinion of these states, expressed by Henry Clay (a War Hawk), was that the country needed to go to war because they wanted to gain land and they were concerned over the falling prices of agricultural products and therefore the restriction on trade. America entered this war caring only about the white citizens and not really about how the Indians would be affected by their hopes for the end results of the war. Americans did enter the war with hopes of annexing land, but the end result was completely different from the initial goals. After much unnecessary fighting, America left the war victorious in her own waythe country was finally completely free to do as she pleased, and the country was officially independent of any and all other foreign powers.

Violas Disguise in Twelfth Night :: Twelfth Night essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As in most comedies, William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night extensively uses disguises, masks and mistaken identities to add to the comical nature of the play. Viola's disguise as Orsino's page, Cesario, becomes crucial to the action in the play. Without this important element, the action in the play would slow down dramatically, making the story much less intriguing. In addition to making the play less interesting, the disguise is also necessary to develop the storyline involving Sebastian, and the confusion that his return creates. It also is vital to the conflict between Olivia and Orsino, which depends on Viola's disguise to keep things exciting.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Viola's disguise becomes increasing more important as the events take place. The majority of the plot lines depend on the disguise. Without it, the main theme of the play would be the gulling of Malvolio. In a play where most of the characters fall in love with each other, blind to the gender and true identity of the objects of their desires, a disguise like Viola's becomes the center of the action, and causes almost all the of the important aspects of the play.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The confusion that Sebastian creates when he returns would not occur without Viola's disguise. Sir Andrew believes that the woman of his desires, Olivia, is spending too much time with Cesario, and challenges him to a duel. As he put it, Olivia was doing "more favors to the Count's servingman than ever she bestowed upon me." (3-2 l.5-7) At first, Viola is nearly forced into a battle, but is saved when the confused Antonio arrives. Later on, Sebastian and Andrew do get involved in a scuffle, for which Viola is unjustly blamed. Finally Sebastian and Viola are reunited, but only after they have already caused a large amount of chaos and have confused everyone. It is only then that everyone begins to discover the extent of Viola's trickery.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More disorder is created when Olivia, who Orsino is hopelessly in love with, falls for Cesario, who is secretly in love with Orsino. Orsino sends Cesario to express his affection for Olivia, which Cesario/Viola is not thrilled with. As she puts it, "whoe'er I woo, myself would be his wife." (1-4 l.